In this issue:
Original papers
Increased activity of apx in Cat2 and Cat3 double knock-out mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana
Doliba I.M., Volkov R.A., Panchuk I.I.
P.3-9
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Changes in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity upon heat shock were evaluated in wild type plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia 0) and in catalase 2 and 3 (Cat2, Cat3) knock-out mutant CAT2/3, which demonstrates significantly reduced catalase activity. Upon moderate heat shock (37 °C) and at room temperature activity of APX was from 30 to 60 % higher in the mutant than in wild type A. thaliana. The moderate heat treatment does not affect the APX activity whereas severe heat shock (44 °C) resulted in enzyme inactivation. Taking together our data show that at room temperature or upon moderate heat treatment activation of APX can at least partially compensate the lack of CAT activity in the CAT2/3 knock-out mutant. However, due to thermolability АРХ can not substitute CAT upon severe heat shock. Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, heat shock, knock-out mutants.
Effect of osmotic substances on the common wheat callus lines resistant to culture filtrate of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici
Dubrovna O.V., Bavol A.V., Zinchenko M.A., Lyalko I.I., Kruglova N.М.P.10-16
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The reaction to the action of osmotic substances - polyethyleneglycol and mannitol on the callus lines of common wheat resistant to the metabolites of the fungus causing take-all disease of wheat (Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici) were studied. With a purpose to selecting the specific conditions of in vitro selection were tested two selective systems - with high-molecular polyethyleneglycol and low-molecular mannitol. It was shown that selective system with mannitol are more effective because provide a more complete elimination of sensitive cells and a higher viability of regenerated plants.
Key words: Triticum aestivum L, callus lines, metabolites of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, simulated water deficit.
Spectrum of spontaneous mutations in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from Ukraine
Kozeretska I.A., Kunda-Pron’ I.V., Protsenko O.V., Mousseau T.A.P.17-21
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We analyzed mutation counts in five generations of laboratory culture of isofemale lines established in 2009 from 7 natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from Ukraine. A mutant male white (w: 1-1.5) was revealed among the third generation progeny of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant cooling pond population. The sepia (se: 3-26.0) mutation was observed in 27 individuals in the third and fourth generations progeny of the Chornobyl city population. Mutants spread (sprd: 3-65,0) were revealed in a total of 54 individuals in the third and fourth generations of inbreeding progeny from Kyiv population. The molecular nature of these mutations remains to be studied.
Key words: monitoring, mutations, white, sepia, spread.
RAPD- and ISSR-analysis of genetic variation in Gentiana pneumonanthe L. tissue and organ culture
Konvalyuk I.I., Mel'nyk V.M., Drobyk N.M., Kravets N.B., Twardovska M.O., Kunakh V.A.P.22-31
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Somaclonal variation in G. pneumonanthe tissue and organ culture has been studied using RAPD- and ISSR-markers. Duration of cultivation, growth habit and the way of regeneration were found to affect variability in culture in vitro. Somaclonal variation appeared to be considerably lesser as compared with intrapopulation polymorphism in nature. The lowest level of genetic changes showed the regenerants while long-term cultured calli and rapidly growing cultures of isolated roots exhibited the highest rate. The results obtained suggest the relative genome genetic stability of the species involved upon its maintenance in vitro.
Key words: Gentiana pneumonanthe L., tissue and organ culture, regenerants, somaclonal variation, RAPD- and ISSR-PCR, genetic distances.
Realization of genetic potential of winter wheat in forest-steppe of Ukraine
Kochmarskyi V.S., Kolomiyets L.A., Kolyuchyi V.T., Nazarenko M.M., Marynka S.M. P.32-40
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Specificity of formation of some traits for 6 winter bread wheat varieties under influence of various hydrothermal conditions has been studied. Yield and mass of 1000 grains was shown to depend on environment of growing to 75 and 56 %, respectively. Traits gluten content and sedimentation index were more dependent on genetic characteristics of the variety. Differences of traits formation between groups of ripening have been found. Middle-ripening varieties (Voloshkova, Kalynova, Kolos Myronivshchyny) performed high productivity (65-67 mc/ha) with quality indices as valuable wheat. Middle-early-ripening variety Remeslivna and early-ripening ones Columbia and Vdiachna were characterized with their ability to form annually high-quality grain, although they (especially Vdiachna) yielded somewhat to productivity of early-ripening varieties.
Key words: winter wheat, cultivars, yield, grain quality, variability, hydrothermal conditions.
Inheritance of some valuable characteristics of the hybrid progeny of sweet cherry
Lukicheva L.A.P.41-48
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The results of analysis of hybrid families yield capacity, size and quality of fruits have been given. Varieties, given their high yield capacity on the inheritance (Znatnaj ? Drogana Yellow, Bigarreau Starking ? Krupnoplodnaj) have been selected. The best parents forms, given to their progeny the large size and good taste, are Bigarreau Starking, Krupnoplodnaya, Durona di Vignola. 29 forms, perspective for improving the assortment of sweet cherry have been selected.
Key words: selection, crossing, hybrid, inheritance.
Viruses of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch and ways of plants cleaning up
Martynov S.A., Mitrofanova O.V.P.49-54
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On the studied peach cultivars the viruses that cause economic damage to stone fruits have been revealed. The possibility of four peach cultivars cleaning up by applying the chemotherapy in vitro method has been demonstrated. The optimal conditions for the initial explants sterilization, the time of introduction in conditions in vitro, provide an active microshoots regeneration have been determined.
Key words: viruses, peach, chemotherapy, micropropagation, in vitro.
Sucrosesunthase and invertase activity in endosperm of maize (Zea mays L.) infected in planta by disarmed strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Мatveyeva А.Y., Sackalo V.D., Кurchiy V.М., Мorgun B.V., Кochetov А.V., Тishchenko Е.N.P.55-64
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Corn seeds of inbred line L370 infected in planta by strains Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 and GV2260 harboring selective gene of neomycinphosphotransferase (nptII), as well as antisense suppressor of arabidopsis prolindehydrogenase gene (pBi2E) and ?-glucuronidase (pCB002) were received. Comparative studying of sucrose metabolism ferments activity and carbohydrates content at the endosperm of next generation maize, received on the 21 day after pollination, was studed. Under influence of the different strains differences at the functioning of sucrosesynthase (SS), cell-wall invertase (CWI), vacuolar (VI) and cytoplasmic (CI) invertase are determined. Changes in the sucrosesynthase and invertase activity lead to substantial increase of sucrose content and decrease of monosugars range at the endosperm, though their balance depended from the used strain and embryogenesis stage. At once contamination by the used strains essentially did not effect on the starch content, while on the waxy ripeness stage of the T1-plants was observed even insignificant his rise.
Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in planta, sucrosesynthase, invertase.
Features of polyfructanes accumulation in transgenic plants of chicory Cichorium intybus L.
Matvieieva N.А., Kvasko O.Yu.P.65-69
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Differences in polyfructanes accumulation in roots and leaves of chicory Cichoriun intybus L. transgenic plants, received after Agrobacterium rhizogenes- and A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation with target genes ifn-?2b and esxА have been investigated. In comparison with not transformed plants the polyfructanes maintenance in transgenic plants was higher in 3,9-26,3 times in roots and in 5,3-13,3 times in leaves depending on the transferred target gene.
Key words: Cichorium intybus, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A. tumefaciens, fructans, genetic transformation, genes of tuberculosis antigenes ESAT6 и Ag85B, ifn-?2b gene.
Morphogenic potential realisation of organs and tissues in European olive in vitro
Melikhova G.I., Mitrofanova I.V.P.70-76
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The optimal terms of introduction into in vitro conditions of shoot segments in five cultivars of Olea europaea L. have been determined. The method of shoot segments sterilization with 0,3 % active chlorine helps to obtain the aseptic culture and to reduce the callusogenesis. The influence of the light conditions and the culture medium consistency on the morphogenesis of the explants in cv. Nikitskaya has been showed. The normal developed olive seedlings have been obtained by the method of embryoculture.
Key words: olive, micropropagation, embryoculture.
Exterior and productivity of simmental heifers of German selection
Petrenko I.P., Yefimenko S.T., Mokhnachova O.I., Tsapko V.A.P.77-81
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In the result of analytical researches on studying of German selection Simmental cows exterior and constitution one proposed two new exterior indices, which have essential connection with wilk production level and can be used in practical selection at combined productivity direction cows desired type selection.
Key words: indices, consolidation, desired animals type, Simmental breed.
Causes of early embryo loss in horse breeding
Platonova N.P.P.82-85
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The causes of early embryo loss in horse breeding were investigated. Influence of genotypic and paratypic factors on fetal loss were given. A washout of embryos horses received an embryo with signs of degeneration.
Key words: horse breeding, early embryo loss, genotypic and paratypic factors embryos.
Genotypical peculiarities of nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in winter wheat
Pochinok V.M., Kiriziy D.A.P.86-92
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Nitrogen accumulation and redistribution among organs of main stem of five genotypes differed in productivity and protein content have been investigated during maturation. It was shown that plants of line Kievskaya ostistaya vysokobelkovaya are balanced better in indices of grain productivity and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization from vegetative organs, though their ability to nitrogen additional absorption after anthesis was less than that in variety Panna. Physiological traits that genetical improvement will promote enhancement of grain protein content without decrease of productivity are discussed.
Key words: Triticum aestivum L., winter wheat, nitrogen, remobilization, protein, productivity.
Populaition-genetic structure of pigs of different breeds by genes of receptors of estrogene (ESR)
Sidorenko О.V., Kostenko S.O.P.93-100
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The genetic structure of pigs breeds: Large White, Landras, different types of Ukrainian Meat, Wales and wild boar wild by the gene of the reproduced qualities - receptors of estrogen (ESR). All of investigational pigs breeds (the exception of Landrace) are characterized by high actual heterozygosity, of ESR gene compared with expected (p < 0.001). On the basis of cluster analysis of pigs breeds by ESR gene alleles frequency appraise the picture of inter-breed distances. Genetic distance of pig of terminal cross-country race of alba and large white breed the remotest from a wild boar wild (distance - 0.1987, 0.1284). Considerable distance is observed between investigational populations of cross alba that by the breeds of Landras (0.1188) and Ukrainian meat DSGI (0.1010).
Key words: Sus scrofa, pig, Large White, Ukrainian Meat breed, Landrace, alba, a wild boar, Welsh breed, polymorphism, gene of estrogen (ESR), cluster analysis.
Distant hybridization in rape breeding
Sytnik I.D.P.101-111
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The article carries the research results of interspecific hybridization of Brassica napus with Brassica campestris, Sinapis alba, Brassica nigra, Brassica juncea. The nature of the inheritance of agronomic traits of interspecific hybrids of canola-type F1 and F2 and the ability to stabilize these traits in subsequent generations were evaluated. The result of interspecific crosses of winter rape with winter cress is ultraearly variety of winter rape Smaragt.
Key words: rape, hybridization, inheritance, hybrid, variety, transgression, heterosis.
Dynamics of change of a spectrum of aberrations of chromosomes induced by mytomicin C in Allium cepa L.
Shkarupa V.M., Neumergitskaya L.V., Klymenko S.V., Semiglazova T.V.P.112-117
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There were investigated the features of chromosome aberrations spectrum induced by mytomicin C in Allium cepa L. root meristem cells. The dose response were analyzed according to criterion a share of all and double bridges, quantity of aberrations per aberrant cell, frequency of multiaberrant cells. In the spectrum of aberrations of the chromosomes induced by mutagen, chromatide aberrations of exchange type prevail. With the increasing of concentration of mutagens reduction of a share of all bridges in comparison with the control over increase in a share of double bridges is observed. Changes of quantity of aberrations per aberrant cell with increasing a doze of mutagen were not such significant, as on criterion of frequency of aberrant cells. Doze dependence of the increase in frequency of multiaberrant cells is observed only under condition of significant mutagen loading.
Key words: Allium cepa L., mytomicin C, aberrations of chromosomes.
Reviews
Factors of plant somaclonal variation
Bublyk O.M.P.118-133
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Literature data on factors that influence the level and peculiarities of genetic and epigenetic changes in plant tissue culture were analyzed. First of all plant species has significant role - frequently somaclonal variation mirrors genome changes during speciation. Some part of somaclonal changes is an implementation of mutations in explant cells; particularly they are the result of maternal plant mixoploidy. Subsequent accumulation of genome changes occurs during culturing process under the influence of in vitro conditions and is liable to selection, the selective factor of which is the adaptation of cells with some geneticfeatures to culturing conditions (solid or liquid nutrient medium) and to composition of nutrient medium, especially to the presence and the ratio of phytohormones in it. The mode of regeneration and the type of tissue culture growth (organized or unorganized) exert significant influence on somaclonal variation level.
Key words: plant cell and tissue culture, somaclonal variation, in vitro culturing duration, components of nutrient medium, culturing conditions, the type of tissue culture growth.
Mutagenic action of nucleic acids and evolution
Karpova I.S., Maluta S.S.P.134-146
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Results of the intensive investigations on the phenomenology and possible mechanisms of DNA-mutagenicity obtained with help of different methods and objects have been reviewed. Evidence in favour of the S.M. Gershenson insertional hypothesis according to which the mechanism of mutagenic action of heterological nucleic acids resembles the activation of mobile genetic elements (МGE), being factors of natural genetic engineering, have been presented. Current data concerning lateral gene transfer between distantly related organisms were analyzed in the light of supposition that just uptake of heterological genetic information in the early period of beginnings of life might play a main role in molecular evolution and origin of species.
Key words: mutagenic action of DNA, mobile genetic elements, lateral gene transfer, evolution.
Molecular markers and plant varieties testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability: the state of the problem
Sivolap Yu.M., Kozhukhova N.E.P.147-154
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Review article is devoted to the current state of molecular markers implementation to testing of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) of plant varieties, sanctioned by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants. The position of some international organizations regarding the molecular markers using for DUS test is demonstrated. There are examples of the molecular markers using in varietal identification. The state of the problem in Ukraine is characterized.
Key words: molecular markers, varietal identification, distinctiveness, uniformity and stability.
Anniversaries
Professor L.M. Delone as a founder of karyosystematics, experimental genetics and contemporary basics in plant breeding (to 120th anniversary)
Kunakh V.A.P.155-163
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Main periods of life and principal scientific achievements of professor Lev Nikolajevich Delone, outstanding Ukrainian scientist of worldwide reputation, follower of S.G.Navashin, one of the founding fathers of cytogenetics and karyosystematics in the world, author of the term "karyotype", pioneer of the radiation plant selection, founder of provocative selection method in breeding, specifically in cultivars of self-pollinator pure lines, first of all in wheat; coauthor of the textbook for universities "Course of Genetics", the best one in USSR for 1930-1960s; inflexible fighter for classic genetics in years of anti-genetics terror in USSR (1940-1950s), active participant of genetics renaissance in the late sixties have been reviewed.
Key words: L.N.Delone, history of science, karyotype, karyosystematics, radiation selection, experimental mutagenesis.
Kunakh Viktor Anatoliyovych (to the 65th anniversary of the birthday)
P.164-167
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Obituaries
Stanislav Polikarpovych Zaika (February 1, 1939 - February 5, 2011)
С.168-169
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Volodymyr Karpovych Smykov (July 24, 1924 - February 22, 2011)
С.170-171
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