In this issue:
Original papers
A dairy cattle has ways of distribution of polythelia
Birukova O.D.P.3-9
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Frequency of presence of supernumerary teats is set for the animals of Ukrainian black-white and red-white dairy breeds. In pedigree farms frequency of polythelia is 2.4-35.4% for teats which are located behind basic, 0-2% - for teats of other location in obedience to author classification. Depending on an origin, in posterity of different bulls there was different frequency of supernumerary teats behind basic (3.8-56.5%). Ways and mechanisms of inheritance of polythelia are set will enable to conduct an effective selection directed on the decline of prevalence of this genetic defect among the cows of Ukrainian dairy breeds.
Key words: dairy cattle, polythelia, inheritance, genealogical analysis.
The cytogenetic activity of meristem of root cells of maize plants for separately and combination of influence ions heavy metals
Boguslavskaya L.V., Shupranova L. V., Vinnichenko A.M.P.10-16
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The comparative analysis of influence of salts of cadmium (2 ? 10-4 mol/L), lead (2 ? 10-3 mol/L), nickel (1 ? 10-4 mol/L) and their combination, is conducted on the cytogenetic parameters of rootapical meristem cells of Zea mays L. It is established that ions of testable metals inhibit growth of root, decrease mitotical activity of meristem cells and induce appearance of chromosomal damages. Both general and specific, conformities to the law are set in the proper reaction of maize meristem root cells both on separate and on compatible effect of heavy metal ions.
Key words: maize, ions, cadmium, lead, nickel, meristem, aberration, pyknosis, chromosome.
Phytopathological assessment of wood plants and species composition of pathogens in age-old park of Vitebsk region
Galynskaya N.A., Garanovich I.M.P.17-30
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The article presents the results of studying the species composition of diseases and pests of woody plants in 5 of ancient parks Vitebsk region. Detected taxonomic composition of the cultural dendroflora. Phytopathological assessment for each park stands is given. The level of development of disease and the degree of destruction of trees and shrubs pests is indicated. We show list with 131 diseases and pests 42, ordered by supply plants.
Key words: phytopathological, pathogenic fungi, dendroflora, pathogenic organism.
The effect of thiosulfate na and ultrasound on regeneration induction in vitro of inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Komisarenko A.G., Mykhalska S.I., Malina A.E., Tishchenko O.M.P.31-37
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The influence of thiosulfate Na and ultrasound on morphogenetic possibility of inbred lines (Helianthus annuus L.) are studied. It has been shown that these factors have positive affect on regeneration induction by direct organogenesis from segment of seedling 3-4-days after germinating. Regeneration frequency was depend on from genotype as well as both thiosulfate Na concentration and long-term usage of ultrasound. Using thiosulfate Na and ultrasound, the increase of regeneration frequency of inbred lines 96A/3, 16A/3 and 70A/3 were averaged in 1,88, 2,41 and 3,58 time over, correspondingly.
Key words: Helianthus annuus L., regeneration in vitro, ultrasound, sodium thiosulphate.
The physiologo-biochemical and genetic characteristics of Tn5-mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae
Kots S.Ya., Mandrovska N.M., Krugova O.D., Zaets V.M.P.38-45
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The genetic and physiological and biochemical properties of pea nodule bacteria were studied. Using of polymerase chain reaction it was established that studied strain were actually Tn5 mutants of pea rhizobia, since they contained part of structure sequence of Tn5 kanamycin resistance gene. It was shown that Tn5 mutants of pea nodule bacteria had as the same as distinctive signs by physiological and biochemical properties in comparison with strain-recipient.
Key words: transposon mutagenesis, Tn5-mutants of pea rhizobia, polymerase chain reaction.
Chloroplast re-transfer as an evidence of plastome-genome incompatibility in Lycopersicon esculentum(+ L. peruvianum var. dentatum) tomato cybrid plants
Kochevenko A.S., Kuchuk N.V., Ratushnyak Ya.I.P.46-57
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Morphology of the Lycopersicon esculentum(+ L. peruvianum var. dentatum) cybrid plants possessing L. esculentum Mill. nuclear genome, L. peruvianum var. dentatum Dun. plastome and hybrid chondriome differed from such of initial parental species. Partial chlorophyll deficiency as well as inhibition of growth and development were observed among the new traits, which could arise from the nucleo-chloroplast incompatibility. In order to reject appearance of abnormal phenotype as a consequence of chromosome or plastome mutations wild species chloroplasts were transferred from the cybrid to an initial nuclear background of L. peruvianum var. dentatum by "donor-recipient" protoplast fusion. As a result, five plant clones containing L. peruvianum var. dentatum nuclear genome and plastome were found among the regenerants obtained. These L. peruvianum var. dentatum(+ L. esculentum(+ L. peruvianum var. dentatum)) five cybrids were fully functional and fertile plants with normal growth, development and dark-green leaves. Thus restoration of normal phenotype in cybrid plants after back transfer of chloroplasts is direct evidence of plastome-genome incompatibility in L. esculentum(+ L. peruvianum var. dentatum) cybrid.
Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, L. peruvianum var. dentatum, tomato cybrid, protoplast fusion, chloroplast re-transfer, restored phenotype, plastome-genomeincompatibility.
The role of the elements of crop structure in formation of protein content level of the winter grain
Lysa L.L.P.58-65
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Using the method of path analysis, the author has observed that among nine investigated elements of the crop structure determining protein level in the winter grain the leading role is attributed to the number of grains in the main ear and their mass, the effects of these features having different directions. The dependence on the height of the plant has not been observed. It is suggested to include the grades with high number of medium-sized grains when creating highly productive grades with high protein content.
Key words: Triticum aestivum, protein, crop structure, correlation connections, path coefficient.
Allozyme levels of variability amphimiktic golden crucan carp Carassius carassius (L., 1758) and chinese crucian carp Carassius auratus (L., 1758) in the populations of Dnieper basin and Seversky Donets
Mezhzherin S.V., Kokodiy S.V., Kulish A. V.P.66-73
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A comparison has been accomplished of the levels of allozyme variability between Carassius carassius and C. auratus concerning 20 enzyme and protein loci. It has been shown that the heterozygosity of populations of C. auratus (Hexp = 0,02) is five times higher than that of C. carassius (Hexp= 0,15) and more than twice above the average level known for Teleostei. The result is paradoxical, because it clearly demonstrates the high genetic heterogeneity of an invasive species. The hybrid nature of European populations of C. auratus is most likely the reason for this unusual situation due to, firstly, the introgressive hybridization taking place either in the home range of this species in Eastern Asia or in Europe, where different geographical forms of this species were brought together Secondly, the cause may be their hybridization with C. auratus males if, as supposed, the triploid female of C. gibelio is heterogametic.
Key words: Carassius, allozyme variability, hybridization.
The free-proline level variation in the W-resistant soybean cell line during cultivation under various stress conditions
Mikhalskaya S.I., Poretskaya E.I., Sergeeva L.E.P.74-81
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There was investigated the free proline levels fluctuations in calli of the W-resistant soybean cell line, cultivated at presence of WO42-, VO3-, ClO3- anions and on the control medium. Selective media with tungsten or vanadium ions contained only nitrates, where as selective media with KClO3 contained either nitrates or ammonium forms of nitrogen. The cell free proline levels during cultivation under stress conditions were from 1,5 to 4,9 times higher than the control one was. However, the cell combined stress resistance is rather reflected through various types of proline level fluctuations. The lasts are the result of the developed condition-dependent mechanisms of the proline synthesis/degradation.
Key words: soybean, proline, tungsten and vanadium ions, chlorate, resistance.
Search for orthologs of Drosophila virilis Branched gene
Sereda S.V., Kozeretska I.A.P.82-85
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New allele of Branched (B) gene of Drosophila virilis is described. The phenotype of flies mutant for this allele was analyzed. The inheritance pattern and physical localization of the described allele were estimated. Search for orthologous genes in D. melanogaster genome was carried out using nucleotide sequences databases. It was demonstrated with the use of PCR and in situ hybridization that B gene of D. virilis is orthologous to plexus (px) gene of D. melanogaster.
Key words: D. virilis, Branched, plexus, wing morphogenesis, PCR, in situ hybridization.
Selection of spring and winter oilseed rape for nectar production
Sytnik I.D., Kolesnichenko O.V., Yareshko V.I.P.86-94
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The morphology, anatomy, physiology of nectarines and factors, which influence on nectar secretion, are described. Morphometric parameters of flowers parts of different varieties of spring and winter oilseed rape and their nectar productivity during a day or a florescence are investigated. The correlation with nectar productivity and other agriculture value indicators and meteorological conditions of growth.
Key words: rape, nectar production, nectarines, morphology, flowers parts, physiology.
Hair coat characteristics of banteng [Bos (Bibos) javanicus d’Alton] ? domestic cattle (Bos primigenius taurus L.) hybrids in comparison with initial species
Steklenev J.P., Elistratova T.M., Chornobayeva T.M.P.95-107
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The hair coat of banteng ? domestic cattle of red steppe breed of first generation is characterized by high quantity of guard hair and low quantity of fine hair. Obviously the last is inherited from domestic cattle, satisfactory adapted to ecological conditions. In the hybrids of following generations received by crossing of hybrid females of first generation with the males of domestic cattle, the quantity of fine hair is gradually increasing what preserves them from low temperatures in winter period. Simultaneously with increasing of fine wool increases the number of guard and transitional hair with absent of medulla, what also promotes to rise the resistance of hybrids to low temperatures. Considerable fading of fine hair and preservation of great quantity of hair with broken and compact medulla in summer helps them to endure high temperatures in that period of the year. It is obvious, that structural features of the hair coat, their inheritance in crosses between different species and specificity of seasonal changes of those features genetically are strictly determined.
Key words: banteng, domestic cattle, hybrids, hair coat, microstructure, cold resistance.
Influence of yeast mannan on seeds germination of the bread winter wheat
Chugunkova T. V., Kovalenko A.G.P.108-113
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Influence of various concentration mannan from Candida maltosa and its compositions with surface-active substances on the seed germination, length of roots and shoots has been investigated. Original regularity of roots and shoots growth depend of different concentration of mannan with surface-active substances at long time of seed processing (24 hours) were revealed.
Key words: Candida maltosa, mannan, surface-active substances, growth processes, roots, shoots, winter bread wheat.
Species content of root decay fungi and bacteria of grape infected by phylloxera in Azerbaijan condition
Shikhlinski H.M.P.114-125
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The special content of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) caused root decay in grape infected by phylloxera was studied. As the result of investigations it was detected that in infection of grapes with microorganisms in Azerbaijan condition take place following species: Cyl. radicicola Wr., F. oxysporum Schlecht., Gl. verticilloides Pidopl. from phytopatogenic fungi; Ps. liquefaciens Migula, Bac. mesentericus vulgatus Fl?gge from phytopatogenic bacteria; P. citrinum Thom, P. cyclopium Westl., Rhac. vitis, Muc. Mucedo (L.) Fres., Mol. vitis from saprotrophic fungi.
Key words: phylloxera,microorganisms, phytopathogenic fungi, phytopathogenic bacteria, saprotrophic fungi.
Reviews
Glossary on radiation cytogenetics
Dyomina E.A., Barylyak I.R., Pilins’ka M.A.P.125-163
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Personalities
Charles Darwin, founder of evolutionary biology.
(to 200th birthday and 150th anniversary of publication of his book "On the origin of the species")
Pidpala O.V.P.164-169
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Anniversaries
Academician Valeriy Petrovich Burkat: to 70th anniversary of birth
P.170-171
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Academician Vladimir Konstantinovich Shumnyi: to 75th anniversary of the birth
P.172
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