In this issue:
The chapters of history
Development of genetics in the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (to the 90th anniversary of foundation of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences)
Kunakh V.A. P.3-43
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Major trends and principal achievements of the genetic and genetically breeding investigations within the system of NAS of Ukraine since its establishment in 1918 have been presented. Scientific and research-organizational activities of some scientific institutions and leading geneticists and breeders as well as their contribution to the advancement of the world science were analyzed.
Key words: history of science, history of genetics in USSR, genetics and breeding in Ukraine, history of NAS Ukraine.
Original papers
Variability of Ungernia victoris morphogenic and non-morphogenic tissue culture as results from RAPD-analysis
Bublyk O. M., Andreev I. O., Spiridonova E.V., Kunakh V.A. P.44-51
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Ungernia victoris tissue culture was found through the RAPD-analysis to be distinguished by low level of genome variability. Non-morphogenic tissue culture showed higher level of genetic variation than morphogenic one. Contribution of tissue culture duration and nutrient medium phytohormone composition to the level of somaclonal alterations in both types of culture was estimated.
Key words: Ungernia victoris, somaclonal variability, morphogenic and non-morphogenic tissue cultures, RAPD-PCR.
Cytogenetic effects in somatic cells of patients with thyroid gland cancer
Dyomina E.A. P.52-59
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Genetic and other aspects of thyroid gland cancer (TGC) development in irradiated individuals are considered. Data of cytogenetic indication of organism radiation injury specify radiogenic character of TGC. Expediency of thymalin assignment to individuals with the increased level of structural mutations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and patients with TGC for the efficient rehabilitation of organism hormonal homeostasis is proved.
Key words: thyroid gland cancer, irradiation, chromosomal aberrations, thymalin.
Microclonal propagation of the Yuglans regia L. through somatic embryogenesis.
Zarnadze N.Zh., Lomtatidze N.D., Zarnadze P.Zh., Varshanidze N.I., Dzhaparidze Z.T. P.60-64
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Using modified Gamborg B5 nutrient medium supplemented with BAP and IAA or BAP and IBA in varying concentrations and ratios there was developed strategy for generation of Yuglans regia regenerants via somatic embryogenesis suitable for mass propagation as planting stocks.
Key words: Yuglans regia, microclonal propagation, somatic embryogenesis.
Interaction of gf (green flesh) and В (Beta-carotene) genes, modifying ?-carotene biogenesis
Kuzemenskiy A.V. P.65-72
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It is shown that with intergenic interaction in В/В//gf/gf digomozygote there is observed an intermediate effect – availability of chlorophyll and decrease of ?-carotene quantity with forming of a new phenotype – dirty-orange color of a fruit. With this the level of chlorophyll, which is determined by gf gene, is greatly leveled by genetic background. By the content of ?-carotene in the dihomozygote there is observed modifying action on the side of gf gene, which results in its decrease average by 25%.
Key words: tomato, intergenic interaction, phenotype, digomozygote, ?-carotene, chlorophyll, fruit.
Catalase activity in the roots and nodules of soybean, inoculated by Tn5-mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Mandrovska N.M., Krugova O.D., Vasyliuk V.M., Kots S.Ya. P.73-81
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The indices of efficiency of symbiosis (growth vegetative mass, quantity mass and nitrogen activity of nodules) of soybean, inoculated by wild strain and Tn5-mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 646 were studied during vegetative period. It was established that Tn5-mutants were differed for the virulence and activity of the symbiosis. It was shown that activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase in the roots of soybean, inoculated by Tn5-mutants with different activity, was changed during vegetation with maximum in blossom. It was established that catalase activity of nodules depended on microsymbiont activity. Level of catalase activity was in 1.6–2.0 times much for inoculated by activity Tn5-mutants in comparison with nodules under low efficiency symbiosis.
Key words:symbiosis, soybean, Tn5-mutants of rhisobia, catalase.
Genetic variation and phylogeography of two freshwater snails (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) of Ukraine fauna
Mezhzherin S.V., Garbar A.V., Onischuk I.P., Vlasenko R.P., Zhalay E.I. P.82-87
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Geographical analysis of distribution of genic frequencies of polymorphic locuses P.corneus and L.stagnalis has shown that they are superspecies. In structure of each of which is present on two vicariating allospecies. Borders of their areas practically completely coincide and are dated one for east and northeast areas, and at the second to central and western accordingly.
Key words: аllozymes, phylogeography, introgressive hybridization, snails, Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus.
Clonal diversity of parthenogenetic earthworms species in Ukraine fauna
Mezhzherin S.V., Garbar A.V., Korshunova E.D., Garbar D.A., Zhalay E.I. P.88-92
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Is established, that at parthenogenetic earthworms A. trapezoides, A. rosea and O. lacteum the highest clonal diversity is observed at smaller A. rosea. At larger worms the number of clones considerably below. Possibly, it is caused by the greater rate of metabolic and physiological processes inherent to small animals.
Key words: аllozyme variation, clones, polyploidization, earthworms, Aporrectodea.
The protective effect of biotechnological preparation “Kanteparin” on the cytotoxic action of boligolov (Conium maculatum) extract in human lymphocytes
Muzyka V.I., Makedonov G.P., Tskhovrebova L.V., Kolonina I.V. P.93-97
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These article investigates the influence of the biotechnological preparation Kanteparin on cytotoxic effect of boligolov (Conium maculatum, Umbell?ferae) extract in human lymphocytes. The protective effect of Kanteparin was found. These effect reveals both in lowering of total quantity of dying cells and in necrosis decrease and accordingly in apoptosis increase in spectrum of induced cell death. A part of necrosis decrease is more important in case of possible application of the boligolov or other chemotherapeutical agents alongside with Kanteparin as antitumor ones.
Key words: preparation Kanteparin, cytotoxic effect, boligolov extract, human lymphocytes.
In vitro cultivation condition modification effect on Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. circadian cell populations structure
Parnikoza І.Yu., Мiriuta N.Yu., Adonin V.I, Kunakh V.А. P.98-107
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Through the thermodynamic approach dependences between incidence of cells carrying various DNA content in nucleus, nucleoli area and proliferation rate (mitoses and amitoses) have been researched and described as biological fluxes (currents) and forces at the circadian hierarchic level upon changes in culture conditions as examplified by the Rauwolfia serpentina K-27 strain – producent of the antiarrhytmic alkaloid ajmaline.
Key words: plant tissue culture, Rauwolfia serpentina, сircadian cell population dynamics in vitro.
Variation of antropometric and metabolic parameters in hypertensive women relevant to parents phenotype
Pytetska N.I, Kovalеva O.N. P.108-113
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The analysis of influence of hereditary tainted on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in 157 hypertensive women and 30 normotensive women have been assessed. It was shown that hypertensis inheritance initial manifestation of hypertension in women. The association et family with obesity have observed. Significant influence of parents anamnesis on lipid profil undetected.
Key words:arterial hypertension, women, hereditary tainted, metabolic parameters.
Investigation of combine influence of piracetam, cerebral and verapamil on the degenerative processes in Drosophila melanogaster brain
Plachta O.L., Maksymiv D.V., Makarenko A.N. P.114-124
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Various human neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by late onest, relentless progression and finally death. The neurodegenerative diseases treatment is actual problem nowdays. D. melanogaster neurodegenerative mutants are a good model for human neurodegeneration investigation. It was explored combine influence of pharmacological drugs piracetam, cerebral and verapamil on the degenerative processes in Drosophila melanogaster brain. We detected that share influence of this drugs delay changes in neurodegenerative mutants brain by 17-20 days. It was shown that piracetam, cerebral and verapamil combine influence enlarge mean lifetime by 10-23 % depending of mutants genotype. Share combination influens decreases intracellular Са+2 iones concentration by 20-45 % comparativly control in neurodegenerative mutants.
Key words:: neurodegeneration, piracetam, cerebral, verapamil, drosophila.
Significance of spontaneous and radiation induced levels of chromosomal aberrations in estimation of human individual radiation sensitivity
Ryabchenko N.M., Dyomina E. A. P.125-130
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Complex cytogenetic examination of group of Kyiv habitants has revealed the absence of statistically significant correlation between the values of spontaneous level of chromosomal aberrations and individual radiation sensitivity, estimated with the help of G2-assay. It was shown that estimation of chromosomal aberration level in intact cells gives the representation of the intensity of spontaneous chromosomal mutagenesis and allows the indication of radiation effects on human organism. At the same time test irradiation (G2-assay) allows the estimation of the value of sensitivity to radiation component among genotoxic factors of environment.
Key words: chromosomal aberrations, spontaneous level, individual radiosensitivity.
The micronuclei frequency and the level of anxiety in youth
Sobol M.V., Afanasieva E.S., Bezrukov V.F. P.131-136
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The micronuclei (MN) frequency in buccal cells and the anxiety of 243 participants of Ukrainian school biological Olympiads were investigated. The average frequency of micronuclei was 2.6 ± 0.11 ‰. It was 2.7 ± 0.15 ‰ in females and 2.4 ± 0.16 ‰ - in males. The difference of the average MN frequencies for these two groups was statistically insignificant. The average rate of personal anxiety in females was 45.9 ± 0.88 marks, it was 42.2 ± 0.89 marks in males, this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average rate of reactive anxiety in females was 32.8 ± 1.04 marks, it was 28.2 ± 1.12 marks in males, this difference was statistically significant too (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis of the micronuclei frequency and the rates of two types of anxiety was carried out. The positive correlation between the individual MN frecuency and the individual rate of anxiety was statistically significan in the group with the high rate of reactive anxiety: rs = 0.62, p < 0.01.
Key words: genome instability, micronuclei, buccal cells, personal anxiety, reactive anxiety, stress.
Responses of photosynthetic apparatus on soil drought in winter wheat varieties contrasting in their drought-tolerance
Sokolovska-Sergiienko O.G., Stasik O.O. P.137-144
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The soil water deficit effects on water relations, CO2 exchange, chlorophyll content and growth rate were studied in 9 winter wheat varieties differing in their drought tolerance. The extent of decrease in the relative water content, the CO2 exchange rate and the specific growth rate of stressed plants did not correspond with drought-tolerance ratings of varieties. The drought-induced changes in photorespiration rate were different in varieties studied however the ratio of photorespiration to photosynthesis increased dramatically in stressed plants of all varieties. It was found a positive correlation between photosynthesis and photorespiration rates in stressed plants and an accordance between the stress-induced decrease in chlorophyll content and the drought-tolerance ratings of varieties.
Key words: Triticum aestivum L., varieties, drought, tolerance, photosynthesis, photorespiration, chlorophyll.
Limiting factors of CO2 assimilation rate in two contrasting in their productivity winter wheat varieties
Stasik O.O. P.145-149
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The key limiting factors of CO2 assimilation rate were studied in high-yielding recently released variety of winter wheat Favoritka and old less productive variety Myronivska 808. The photorespiration rate, the carboxylation efficiency, the maximal rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (Vcmax), the maximal electron transport rate driving RuBP regeneration (Jmax) and the rate of triose phosphate utilisation (Vtpu) were routinely estimated from gas exchange measurements using commonly accepted model functions. It was shown that new high-yielding variety has have higher CO2 assimilation rate than old one and this has been related to proportional increase in Vcmax, Jmax and Vtpu. Both absolute and relative photorespiration rates were higher in new high-yielding variety.
Key words: Triticum aestivum L., varieties, productivity, CO2 assimilation rate, photorespiration, photosynthesis limiting factors.
Competence to agrobacterial transformation of callus cultures, obtained from immature embryos and apical meristem of shoots of inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.)
Strunin D. E., Abraimova O.E., Perri L., Tishchenko E.N. P.150-156
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The competence to agrobacterial transformation of embryogenic calli induced from immature embryos of inbred lines Chi-31, Dk-443, Dk-675, Pls-61 as well as morphogenic calli from shoot apical meristem of inbred lines L-250, L-370, L-390, L-391 were studied. Using agrobacterial strain LВА 4404 harboring the vector PBI121 or рСВ001 with gene neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) the formation of саlli lines resistant to lethal dose of kanamycin were observed. Presence of nptII gene in DNA of Km-resistant calli of Chi-31, Dk-675, Pls-61, Л-390 by PCR have been shown. The loss or considerable decrease of morphogenic potential of Km-resistant calli took place. These data have been shown genotypic dependence of T-DNA transfer in cell of different calli cultures.
Key words: corn (Zea mays L.), callus cultures, Agrobacterium–mediated transformation.
Quantitative analysis of the cytogenetics effects induced of mytomicin c. The characteristic of the curve the doze-effect
Shkarupa V.M., Barylak I.R. P.157-165
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Dependence a doze-mutagenic effect of the mytomicin C (МС) in cells Allium cepa L. is analysed. In a range of concentration 0.0005 - 1 mg/L at the prolonged action of a preparation. Dependence the doze-effect has nonlinear S-shaped character with an output on "plateau" at concentration of great of 0.2 mg/L. In a range of concentration up to 0,01 mg/L the tendency of increase in a metaphase pool proliferating cells is observed. At action of higher concentration there is an increase in a prophase index. The greatest share of cells at a stage of a metaphase - in a point of transition of S- shaped of a curve a doze-effect. For cells of the first mitosis there is a feedback of relative efficacy of a cloudy from size of its concentration in recalculation on unit of a dose for all investigated concentrations. Low concentration MC (0.0005 mg/L) in 76.92 times is more effective than high concentration of a cloudy (1 mg/L) at recalculation on unit of a dose. Approximation of experimental data polynomial functions has shown, that is the most adequate a curve doze-effect is described by a polynomial of the fourth degree.
Key words: mytomicin C, Allium cepa L., curve doze-effect.
Reviews
Regularities of the formation of chromosomal aberrations in human somatic cells in dependence of radiation dose
Dyomina E.A., Voroschuk O.M. P.166-175
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Analysis of numerous cytogenetic investigations of dose dependencies of low dose radiation effects led to the conclusion of their complex non-monotonic character with plateau presence. It is assumed that obtaining of “dose-effect” calibration curves should take into account value of individual radiation sensitivity.
Key words: “dose-effect” dependence, chromosomal aberrations, mathematical mode.
Anniversaries
Mykhailo Vasyliovych Zubec: to the 70th anniversary of the birthday
С.176-177
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Volodymyr Vasyliovych Morgun: to the 70th anniversary of the birthday
С.178-181
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Stanislav Stanislavovych Maliuta: to the 70th anniversary of the birthday
С.182-184
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Mykola Viktorovych Kuchuk : to the 50th anniversary of the birthday
С.185-187
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