In this issue:
Original papers
Morphological variability and mycelial compatibility among the isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum associated with stalk rot of sunflower
Ifrani H.K., Shikhlinski H.M.P.179-186
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Sclerotinia stalk rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a recurrent disease on sunflower in the North West of Iran. Population structure, morphological variability of S. sclerotiorum was investigated. Population structure was determined by mycelial compatibility group (MCG). For this purpose, 186 isolates (Ardabil Set, 23 isolates, East and West Azerbijan Sets, 22 and 141 isolates respectively) were grouped in 26 MCGs and 46% were represented by single isolates observed at single locations. Within the West Azerbaijan Set, 19MCGs were identified. Four MCGs were sampled at high frequencies from multiply locations. MCG18 is the highest frequency each locations. In West, East Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces each province 10MCGs, 1MCGs and 1MCGs consisted of one isolate respectively. MCG18 was the most frequently sampled and widely dispersed MCG and occurred at a frequency of 29, 36 and 62% in the west and East Azerbaijan Sets, respectively. Common MCGs were identified among the West and East Azerbaijan locations sets, but no MCGs within the Ardabil Set were observed with other sets. This study has demonstrated that northwest of Iran populations of S.sclerotiorum from sunflower field crops are made up by various and different MCGs. These populations presented a frequency profile in which many MCGs are recovered once or twice and locally, and few MCGs occurred at high frequency and at far-off places. The isolates showed considerable variation in cultural characteristics through mycelial growth, and sclerotial production in the media plates. Significant differences were found in radial growth, number and weight of sclerotia among MCGs (p<0.001) but did not regardless of their geographic origins. None of the morphological characteristics could be related to the grouping made by mycelial compatibility and no apparent correlation between mycelial growth and sclerotial production among the isolates. The result showed that neither relationship to morphological characteristics nor to mycelial compatibility grouping.
Key words: Sclerotinia stalk rot, Helianthus annuus L., morphological variability, pathogen, isolates.
P-M status of Drosophila melanogaster natural populations in Ukraine
Rozhok A.I., Protsenko O.V., Ievdokymenko K.S., Demydov S.V., Kozeretska I.A.P.187-193
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P element has invaded Drosophila melanogaster populations all over the world in less than 50 years. Our previous studies indicate that this transposon is present in Ukrainian populations as well. Drosophila react to P element invasion by developing a special defensive cellular state called P cytotype, as opposed to their natural M cytotype which cannot defend the flies against the deteriorating effect of P element activity in their genomes. Previous studies have shown that Ukrainian populations have not developed P cytotype, suggesting a recent invasion by P element. In the present study, we analyze the cytotype status of Ukrainian populations of Drosophila melanogaster and demonstrate for the first time the existence of the so-called P’ cytotype. This cytotype has been predicted theoretically, but has never been demonstrated in nature on the population level.
Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, P element, cytotype, transposon, hybrid dysgenesis.
Cytogenetic parameters and genesial qualities of Sus scrofa in the conditions of chronic low doses of ionizing irradiation
Dzhus P.P., Kostenko S.O.P.194-199
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The cytogenetic analysis of pig peripheral blood lymphocytes from temporal cultures in vitro has been conducted. In the conditions of low doses ionizing irradiation sows demonstrated apparent increase in frequency of lymphocytes with micronuclei, double-nuclear lymphocytes, amount of aneuploid cells and chromatid breaks as compared to similar indices of animals from radio-environmentally friendly territories of maintenance. Sows of large white breed at maintenance in the conditions of low doses ionizing irradiation displayed decline of multiple pregnancy and safety of piglings upon weaning as well as statistically significant increase in amount of emergency farrows.
Key words: Sus scrofa, Large White breed, low doses ionizing irradiation, micronucleus, aneuploidy, poliploidy, chromatid breaks.
Activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Cat2 knock-out mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana upon cadmium stress
Doliba I.M., Volkov R.A., Panchuk I.I.P.200-208
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Stress plant proteins are commonly represented by several isoforms encoded by respective members of a multigene family. To date it often remains unclear if the isoforms have similar or, alternatively, specific cellular functions. In order to check the possibility that the lack of catalase isoenzyme CAT2 in Cat2 knock-out mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana can be compensated by activation of other isoenzymes of CAT or ascorbate peroxidase (APX), activities of these enzymes were evaluated in normal conditions and upon cadmium stress. CAT3 isoform was found to increase significantly in leaves of Cat2 knok-out mutant. However, the total activity of CAT in the mutant appeared to be diminished amounting to 58% of the activity level in wild type plants. In contrast, activity of APX increased only slightly in the mutant thus indicating that APX is not involved in compensation of CAT2 deficiency upon conditions tested. Treatment of leaves with 5 mM cadmium chloride led to APX inactivation. This effect was better pronounced in the mutant plants indicating that the cadmium-mediated oxidative stress results in stronger damage of proteins in the mutants showing lesser activity as compared with wild type plants.
Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, cadmium, oxidative stress, multigene families, molecular redundancy, knock-out mutants.
Microclonal propagation of Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl. hybrid forms
Ivanova N.N.P.209-216
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The results of investigation into the morphogenetic potential of leaf explants from green-leaved (cv. Alocha Orchid, Ruffled Skyes, Ruffles Snow Rose) and variegated (cv. Apachi Midnight, Margery's Melody, Ness Orange Pekoe) hybrids of Saintpaulia (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) have been presented. The main regularities underlying the process of Saintpaulia organogenesis in vitro were established and method of clonal micropropagation in six varieties of two hybrid forms was developed. The formation of adventitious buds and leaf microrosettes in culture of leaf explants was shown to realize through the direct organogenesis in the nutrient medium supplemented with BAP and NAA growth regulators. The microrosettes rooting occurred in hormone-free nutrient medium. To adapt the derived regenerants to conditions in vivo an efficient adaptive substrate was specified to allow obtaining the developed plants.
Key words: S. ionantha, regeneration, clonal micropropagation, regenerant, culture in vitro.
Role of cytomixis and gaplontic selection in the normalization of the fertility of Hordeum distichum L. pollen grains after the action UV-B irradiation
Kravets E.A.P.217-226
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UV-B irradiation of barley germs within the range of 0.5-4.3 kJ/m2 induced an increase in the number of chromosome aberrations in the root meristem and pathologies in the male generative system. Cytological damages caused by UV-radiation were distinguished by nonspecific character. Within the range of minor doses of ultraviolet these maintained for many cell generations. With maximal ultraviolet dose exposition cytomixis appeared to be activated due to which the population of microsporocytes became free from the excessive load. Cytomixis “switching on” seems to be induced by surpassing a threshold microsporocyte DNA lesion level. It is assumed that cytomixis may be a form of cell competition limiting mutagenesis, regulating state and abundance of cell populations and promoting maintaining of pollen fertility.
Key words: Hordeum distichum L., chromosome aberrations, root meristem, cytomixis, pollen grain sterility, cell selection, UV-B radiation.
Influence of complex growth stimulator of new generation on morphogeny of Pleurotus ostreatus
Kuznetcova O.V., Malinovskaya N.V., Gerasimenco V.A.P.227-231
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Data on the influence of new generation stimulator, biogumat, on growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium on agar nutrient medium upon surface cultivation is provided. The results on the positive effect of biogumat specific concentrations on various mushroom developmental stages, i.e. lag-phase, radial growth rate, appearance of primordias were generated.
Key words: biogumat, of average radial growth rate, primordias, cultural morphological traits.
Expression of human interferon alpha gene driven by constitutive and tissues specific promoters in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Luchakivska Yu.S., Maystrenko O.M., Olevynska Z.M., Kishchenko O.M., Spivak M.Ya., Kuchuk M.V.P.232-239
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Transgenic tobacco plants of Winskonsin and Petite Havana varieties were obtained via Agrobacterium tumefaciens (GV3101) and Agrobacterium rhizogenes (А4) -mediated transformation using pCB124 and pCB161 vector constructs, where interferon alpha-2b gene fused with calreticulin apoplast targeting signal was driven by constitutive 35S CaMV promoter and Mll root-specific one of sugar beet respectively. PCR-analysis proved the presence of transgenes for 92-95 %analyzed plants. The protein leaf extracts of regenerated tobacco plants of Т0 and Т1 generation and those of hairy root culture demonstrated the antiviral activity that suggests the forming of recombinant biologically active protein. Tissue-specific activity of Mll sugar beet root-specific promoter was shown for transgenic tobacco plants as well as for induced hairy root culture though decreased seed productivity for plants generated via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with pCB161vector construction (A. rhizogenes) was registered.
Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L., Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, interferon alpha-2b, antiviral activity, tissue-specific Mll promoter.
Influence of chromium(VI) on the transgenic duckweed plants in vitro growth
Matvieieva N.А., Duplij V.P.P.240-246
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Details of Lemna minor transgenic plant growth in culture in vitro exhibiting esxA::fbpB?TMD gene sequence in presence of chromium(VI) as CrO42- have been studied. Transgenic plants were shown to be more sensitive to Cr(VI) than those of wild type duckweed. Higher concentrations of Cr(VI), 4 and 8 mM, were toxic and lead to frond death (39.3% and 68.7%, respectively) after 21 days of cultivation. Both transgenic and nontransgenic plants decreased the Cr(VI) concentration in the nutrient medium by reducing soluble Cr(VІ) to insoluble Cr(ІІІ) as a blue-grey sediment. Transgenic plants reduced 1 mM Cr(VI) completely for 3 days while nontransgenic ones – for 6 days. However, with Cr(VI) concentrations 2, 4 and 8 мМ wild type duckweed plants displayed greater reducing ability than transgenic plants.
Key words: Lemna minor L., transgenic and nontransgenic plants, Cr(VI), in vitro.
Immune and genetic evaluation of genetic resources of the local pig breeds
Parasochka I.F., Bodryashova K.V.P.247-252
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This article highlights the peculiarities of immunogenotypic structure for local Mirgorod and Large Black pig breeds. Through global analysis by the allele frequencies there was established similarity between herds of the Mirgorod breed. Higher consolidation by the certain genotypes in the EAF system displayed animals to be reared in herds «im. Ivashchenko» (Mirgorod breed) and «Krasnaya Zvezda» (Large Black breed). A considerable difference in the genetic structure of the pig breeds involved and on average increased incidence of heterozygous genotypes in the herds according to E A E (Mirgorod breed) and E A L in two indigenous breeds was registered.
Key words: immune and genetic markers, genetic resources, pig breeds, allele, genotype, homozygosis.
Seed germination features of canola plants expressing mammalian cytochrome Р450SCC cyp11A1 gene
Sakhno L.O.P.253-259
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The effect of temperatures +8°C and +26°C on seed germination of spring canola cv. Maria and derived from it corresponding transgenic lines expressing cytochrome Р450SCC cyp11A1 gene from bovine adrenal cortex mithochondria, was investigated. Seeds was shown practically fail to germinate at +8°С both in original canola variety and the biotechnological lines. At higher (+26°C) temperature two from four transgenic lines build up greater biomass as compared with control ones, the enzyme of their antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase, is operating more actively. These lines appear to be promising for further research to create canola lines resistant to higher temperatures.
Key words: Brassica napus, cyp11A1, cytochrome Р450SCC, canola, seedlings, superoxide dismutase.
Varietal diversity of winter wheat in antioxidant enzymes and CO2 assimilation response to drought
Sokolovska-Sergiienko O.G.P.260-266
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The response of chloroplast antioxidant enzymes and CO2 gas exchange to soil drought in flag leaf of new highly productive variety Favorytka plants and less productive old variety Myronivska 808 at earing – flowering stage was investigated in pot experiment. The plants of Favorytka variety both with optimal water supply and under drought showed higher chlorophyll content and assimilation rate, than those of Myronivska 808. Higher resistance of photosynthetic apparatus to soil drought in Favorytka plants was shown to be related with higher chloroplast antioxidant enzyme activities and photorespiration rate. This resulted in lesser grain productivity losses under drought in Favorytka plants as compared with those of Myronivska 808.
Key words: Triticum aestivum L., varieties, photosynthesis, photorespiration, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, productivity, soil drought.
Features of Triticum kiharae Dorof. et Migusch. and T. miguschovae Zhirov genetic material inheritance in crosses with bread wheat
Tverdokhleb E.V., Kozub N.A., Sozinov I.A., Boguslavsky R.L.P.267-275
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In the forms of bread wheat derived from crosses of spring bread wheat with T. kiharae and T. miguschovae, which are transgressive for productivity traits, presence of genetic material introgressed from amphiploids was detected using electrophoretic analysis of gliadin and glutenin and ISSR markers. In the majority of forms, introgression from T. kiharae was identified at the storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-D1, Glu-D1. In single forms, storage proteins of T. kiharae and T. miguschovae encoded by alleles at the loci Gli-G1, Glu-A1, Glu-G1 were revealed. The use of primers ISSR842 and ISSR846 allowed to reveal components inherited from T. kiharae in the introgressive forms. The primers ISSR852 and ISSR2 proved to be ineffective for marking introgressions.
Key words: wheat, T. kiharae, T. miguschovae, introgression, molecular markers, gliadin, glutenin, primers, ISSR.
Structural organization of 5S ribosomal DNA of Rosa nitida Willd.
Tynkevych Yu.O., Volkov R.A.P.276-282
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In order to clarify molecular organization of the genomic region encoding 5S rRNA in diploid Rosa nitida species several 5S rDNA repeated units were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the obtained sequences revealed two types of 5S rDNA repeated units present in the genome. The repeat lengths for major and minor types account for 506-514 bp and 318 bp, respectively. The length difference may be due to deletion some of the intergenic spacer region (IGS). The 5S rDNA repeats of both types contain intact promoter elements in the IGS and appear to be transcriptionally active.
Key words: Rosa, 5S rDNA, molecular evolution, plant speciation.
Estimation of viability for cows' frozen-thawed oocyte-cumulus complexes frozen by ultrafast method
Trotskiy P.A.P.283-287
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The results of experimental researches on estimation of viability for cows' frozen-thawed oocyte-cumulus complexes cryopreserved by an ultrafast method have been presented. There was performed cultivation in vitro of cow gametes to be crioconserved using various levelsof ethylenglycol and propandiol with their further fertilization as well as cytogenetic analysis of oocytes and in vitro derived embryos.The viability ofdeconserved cows' gametes frozen by ultra fast method may depend on ethylenglycol and propandiol levels in equilibration and vitrification solutions.
Key words: embryos, cryopreservation, oocyte-cumulus complexes, cryoprotectors, ethylenglykol, propandiol, vitrification solution, maturations in vitro.
Radiation emission potency of Chornobyl nuclear power station estrangement zone in the course of creation selectively-valuable material
Yakymchuk R.A., Morgun V.V.P.288-293
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Frequency and spectrum of economically-useful winter wheat mutations grown up under conditions of chronic emanation of Chornobyl nuclear power station estrangement zone have been investigated. Among singled out selectively-valuable mutants typical were dwarfish and short-stem forms. Appearance of winter wheat mutants showing economically useful features with frequency 1,00-1,07% may suggest the necessity to employ the radioactively contaminated zone as a polygon for breeding material production while the genotypes of the singled out specimens of Chornobyl winter wheat mutants it is reasonable to use in the course of specific tasks for selection of the most important crop.
Key words: winter wheat , chronic emanation, mutation spectrum, selective-valuable.
Reviews
40 years of molecular genetics of agricultural plants in Ukraine
Sivolap Yu.M.P.294-302
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Crop production has traditionally played an important role in the economy of country, and required continuous improvement through the achievements of biology sciences and, especially, classical and molecular genetics. Molecular genetics of plants in Ukraine began to develop in the 70-s of last century. An important area of research is the organization and variability of the plant genome, analysis of the genetic polymorphisms for marking and mapping of genes encoding important agronomic traits. DNA technology found in the introduction of identification and registration of varieties and hybrids of plants, identification of genotypes resistant to biotic and abiotic stress, with some indicators of product quality. In developing and implementing the advances in molecular genetics into development of theory and practice of plant breeding in Ukraine important place belongs to the South Biotechnology Center of NAAS.
Key words: molecular genetics, organization, and variability of the genome, the genes of agronomically important traits.
Anniversaries
Olga Vladimirovna Mitrofanova (to the 75th anniversary of the birthday)
P.303-305
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Victor Oleksandrovych Fedorenko (to the 60th anniversary of the birthday)
P.306-308
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Roman Anatoliyovych Volkov (to the 50th anniversary of the birthday)
P.309-311
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Obituaries
Sytnik Igor Danilopvych (April 22, 1965 - July 16, 2011)
P.312
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Information
VII International Conference "Factors of experimental evolution of organisms"
С.313-319
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IX Congress of Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders of Ukraine. Information letter
С.320-322
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