Variability of the genome size in coniferous plant in extreme environmental conditions

  • T. S. Sedelnikova Sukachev Institute of Forest SBRAS, Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS», Russia, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/28

Abstract

Aim. The features of genome size transformation in conifers growing in extreme environmental conditions are reviewed. Conclusions. Conifers have a very large genome. The main resources of genome size modifications of conifers under extreme environmental conditions are: variability of the chromosome numbers (polyploidy, aneuploidy; mixoploidy), occurrence of B-chromosomes and increasing of its numbers, changes of the content of nuclear DNA, variation of the repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites, ribosomal RNA genes, transposable elements – retrotransposons), and the chromosomal rearrangements. These features are also components of the epigenetic system which defines the adaptability of the genome changes when exposed to stressful environmental factors.

Keywords: Pinophyta, genome, repetitive DNA sequences, epigenetic system.

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