Використання біотехнологічних методів у створенні вихідного матеріалу для селекції органічних сортів томата

Анотація

Aims of the research were justification of need to create the initial source for breeding tomato varieties suitable for growing in organic and energy-saving technologies and assessment of the prospects of in vitro cell technologies using for the creation and reproduction of the source material for organic tomato varieties breeding. Methods. In studies were used methods of tissue culture - embryo culture and clonal micropropagation; statistical methods – to analyze the reliability of the results of research. Results. Expanding the genetic diversity is aimed mainly on using of interspecific hybrids S. lycopersicum (Mo 638) x S. pimpinellifolium and S. lycopersicum (Mo 638) x S. habrochaltes, which are sources of genetic resistance to the most harmful viral, bacterial and fungal diseases in breeding work. It was found that the quantitative features of plants-regenerats gradually decreasing with each passage to the 8th one during the depositing in vitro. In particular, the minimum height of plants of both studied hybrids defined in the sixth – tenth passage, the length of the root – in the sixth one, the number of leaves – in the tenth one. The maximum indexes of plants were observed in the second passage. In the 10–12 th passages a gradual increase of plants-regenerants quantitative parameters was observed. It was probably associated with the completion of plants adaptation to the culture conditions and the demise of non-viable somaclones. The difference between the variants of interspecific hybrids seeds γ-rays treatment is omissible. But it was observed that 7 Gr dose of seeds irradiation inhibited the shoots and root system growth of plants-regenerants of hybrid combination S. lycopersicum (Mo 638) x S. habrochaltes. Conclusions. It was proved that the using of clonal micropropagation allows you to get interspecific tomato hybrids with the minimum number of seeds throughout the year for their use in breeding of varieties for organic vegetable production. By in vitro cell culture using the conditions for stable deposition of tomato interspecific hybrids collections with the emergence of a minimum number of abnormal plants-regenerants during a long time are created. It was found that the cultivation in vitro in hormoneless MS medium does not lead to the appearance of plants with novel features, but improves the variability of morphological parameters of interspecific tomato hybrid plants F₁.

Keywords: interspecific hybridization, cloning micropropagation, evaluation, organic technology.