Морфогенетичний ефект і трофічні властивості хімічно модифікованого крохмалю Д-5аМ у культурі in vitro пиляків та ізольованих зародків ячменю ярого (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Анотація

Aims. Investigation of gelling capacities and morphogenetic effect of more than 30 chemically modified starches resulted in selection of preparations possessing such positive characteristics as a promotion of direct embryo formation in spring barley anther culture in vitro, improvement of plant regeneration and decrease a rate of plant vitrification. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of chemically modified starch D-5aM on spring barley haploid production and germination of embryos isolated from seeds when trophic carbohydrate sucrose was absent in a medium. Methods. Plants were grown under field conditions. Anthers were isolated from spikes of F₁ hybrids of 11 crosses. Inductive media for anther culture in vitro based on N6 and MS salts were solidified with chemically modified starch D-5aM. Control media for embryo culture contained MS salts, agar and sucrose. Experimental variants included agar without sucrose, chemically modified starch D-5aM with sucrose and without one. Results. It was conformed positive effect of agar substitution for less costly chemically modified starch on spring barley haploid production in anther culture in vitro. It was also revealed that agar solidified sucrose free medium had visible negative influence on embryo germination and seedling growth. At the same time a compensatory effect was shown on sucrose free starch solidified medium. Conclusions. Chemically modified starch D-5aM used as a gelling agent of the medium for anther culture in vitro promoted induction of structures with a high regeneration capacity and had positive effect on embryo germination and seedling growth in sugar free medium for embryo culture. This perspective preparation is recommended for application in plant biotechnology. The most promising field of application is considered to be a clonal micropropagation and long term in vitro plant cultivation in gene banks.

Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., barley, anther and embryo culture in vitro, agar, chemically modified starch, morphogenesis.