Evaluation of toxic effect of different water samples using test organizms

Abstract

Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze impact of water sourses toxity on the hematological parameters in representatives of different systematic groups and trophic levels – aquatic organisms (fish, Danio rerio) and warm-blooded animals (rats, Wistar). Methods. Tap water, artesian, packaged ("Znamenіvska") waters and control water, prepared in the laboratory according to the recommendations of the State Standard 4174: 2003 were used in the experiment. Chemical analysis of water samples and cytotoxic evaluation in blood cells of the test organisms were conducted. Results. Indicator leukocyte line of peripheral blood cells of rats after consuming of water from different sources was characterized by violation of ratio of the cell populations. These data may indicate the development of inflammatory, allergic response and may be a sign of infection in organism. Violations in the ratio of white blood cells were also found in fish. Quantitative characterization of hematological parameters showed that fish leukocytes reacted in the same manner as the rat leucocytes. Conclusions. Prospects of use of hematological parameters of rat organism as well as fish one for bioassay of water quality were proved. Evaluation of water toxicity via determination of these parameters in test organisms meets modern requirements for studies of water samples quality. Biological properties found at the cellular level may resulted in changes at the whole organism level and may objectively characterize long-term consequences of drinking water toxic impact.

Keywords: drinking water, biological testing, fish, Danio rerio, Wistar rats, cytotoxicity, blood leukocyte formula, WBC.