Breeding value and adaptability of different morphobiotypes of winter wheat depending on growing conditions

Abstract

Aim. The results of theoretical and experimental research are presented in order to develop a methodology for agroecological evaluation of wheat varieties of different types of development. Methods. Compliance with the methodology of the State Service for the Protection of Plant Variety Rights ensured the proper conduct of field experiments, including all necessary records and observations. To quantify the plasticity and stability of traits, the algorithm of Eberhart S. A., Rassel W. A. was used. Results. In the context of a changing climate and frequent disruption of optimal sowing dates, wheat breeding is focused on creating varieties with high adaptability and yield stability. Studies have shown that winter wheat varieties Askanijska, Askanijska Berehynia, Perlyna and the alternative variety Clarisa are characterized by high productivity and resistance to adverse environmental factors, which allows to obtain high yields even with late sowing dates (20.X–10.XI). Conclusions. In the breeding process, an important task is the creation of wheat varieties with high yield potential. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to take into account the morphobiological parameters of plants, such as stem length (80–90 cm with irrigation and 90–100 cm without irrigation) and the number of productive stems per unit area (700–800 per m²). The research results show that the varieties Askanijska, Askanijska Berehynia, Perlyna and Clarisa are characterized by high adaptability and can be used for different sowing dates under different predecessors, which ensures stable grain production.