Productivity of winter wheat plants under drought

  • O. I. Zhuk
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7124/FEEO.v23.991

Abstract

Aim. The goal of research was to study the effects of soil drought on the productivity of winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of the cultivars of Zolotocolosa and Astarta were grown under optimal nutrition and moisture to the earing-flowering phase. After the beginning of it the experimental plants were transferred to drought conditions for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of the vegetation. The yield structure was analyzed in mature plants. Results. It is established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis led to a decrease in plant height, ear size, mass and number of grains in it. At the same time, the number of grains in ears of plants decreased more significantly in the cultivar Zolotocolosa compared to the Astarta, especially in the tillers. The loss of grains mass from the ear was lower in cultivar Zolotocolosa than to the Astarta. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of ear-flowering led to a decrease in the productivity of wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth, the laying and the formation elements of the ear and grains, that depended on the specificity of the cultivar.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., stem, ear, productivity, drought.

References

Vasilkivsky S.P., Paustovsky V.M., Chudoliy O.L. The problem of realization potential productivity of modern winter wheat cultivars. Agrarian news. 2002. N 2. P. 6–8. (In Ukrainian).

Weng X., Wang L., Hu J., Du H., Xu C., Xing Y. Xiao J., Zhang Q. Grain number, plant height and heading date 7 is a central regulator of growth, development and stress response. Plant Physiol. 2014. Vol. 164. P. 735–747. doi: 10.1104/pp.113.231308.

Bancal P. Early development and enlargement of wheat floret primordial suggest a role of partitioning within spike to grain set. Field Crops Res. 2009. Vol. 110. P. 44–53. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2008.06.014.

Barnabas B., Jager K., Feher A. The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals. Plant. Cell Environ. 2008. Vol. 31. P. 11–38. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2007.01727.x.

Zhuk O.I. Adaptive evolution of plant water regime and drought tolerance of plants. Factors in experimental evolution of organisms. 2010. Vol. 8. P. 12–16. (In Ukrainian)

Zhuk O.I. Plant adaptation evolution under biotic and abiotic conditions. Factors in experimental evolution of organisms. 2011. Vol. 11. P. 24–29. (In Ukrainian)

Zhuk O.I. Water transport in plants.The Journal of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv. Series: biology. 2010. Issue 11, N 905. P. 212–217. (In Ukrainian)

Zhuk O.I. Formation of plant adaptive response on water deficit. Physiology and biochemistry of cultivated plants. 2011. Vol. 43, N 1. P. 26–37. (In Ukrainian)

Zhuk O.I., Grygorjuk I.P., Grodzinsky D.M. Cell plant growth under water stress. Physiology and biochemistry of cultivated plants.1999. Vol. 31, N 2. P. 83–93. (In Ukrainian)

Zhuk O.I. The apical dominance in winter wheat Factors in experimental evolution of organisms. 2017. Т. 21. С. 133–137. (In Ukrainian)