Genome as a top informational attribute of biological species

  • R. P. Piskun
  • V. M. Shkarupa
  • N. M. Hrynchak
  • O. V. Sprut
  • T. B. Vasenko
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7124/FEEO.v22.944

Abstract

Aim. To substantiate a concept of genome as the top informational attribute of biological species based on the modern achievements of biological sciences. Methods. Study and analysis of subject scientific literary sources, in which the technique of genomic analysis is used for determination of a number and similarity of genomes. Results. The main component of genomes is DNA that carries information about the primary structure of proteins (structural genes of matrix RNA), synthesis of proteins (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), sites for connection of signaling molecules (start/stop expression, amplification, deceleration, repetition, etc.), mobile genetic elements, recombination sites, etc. The genome of each organism has a great variety of genetic nets and systems that control the molecular, biochemical, physiological and morphological features of organisms. At the same time, each gene network has genetic mechanisms designated for its regulation, based on changing functions of certain groups of genes that are part of the gene networks. Conclusions. Therefore, the genome is a part of a cell of a certain living body, consisting of an appropriate set of nucleic acids and proteins, combined into a single structural and functional system.

Keywords: genome, structure, functions.

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