Nature of inheritance of morphological characteristics spike in hybrids Triticum spelta × Triticum aestivum

Abstract

Aim. The nature of inheritance of morphological traits in simple and backcross hybrids F₁ and F₂ of spelt with bread wheat was investigated. Methods. Field and laboratory methods for studying the inheritance of morphological characteristics in hybrids F₁-F₂. Results. It was confirmed that for simple hybrids of different wheat species, the morphological characteristics of plants, including spike shape, hull, spinous and plant height inherited monogenic. Additive effect of spelt and wheat genes, which determine the spikelet number, leading to its significant increase in ear was discovered. In backcross hybrids, with domination of the genome of other wheat species, the deviation from the theoretically expected traits splitting was observed. Conclusions. It was established that the increase in the number of spelt genes in the backcross hybrid increases the differences with wheat and make values of spike characteristics closer to the spelt.

Keywords: Triticum spelta L., T. aestivum L., morphological characteristics, genetic analysis.