Гени, що детермінують посухостійкість пшениці м'якої (Triticum aestivum L.)
Анотація
Метою роботи є розгляд молекулярних механізмів стійкості рослин до абіотичного стресу та ролі певних генів, що задіяні у детермінації посухостійкості рослин, зокрема пшениці м’якої. Стійкість рослин до абіотичних та біотичних чинників середовища пов’язана з активацією складного каскаду фосфорилювання / дефосфорилювання білків, опосередкованого протеїнкіназами та фосфатазами. Результатом цього сигнального каскаду є активація / пригнічення факторів транскрипції, які здатні регулювати експресію певних генів, що безпосередньо пов’язані з адаптацією рослин до абіотичного стресу. Транскрипційні фактори можна класифікувати на 60 родин на основі схожості первинної та тривимірної структури доменів зв’язування з ДНК, проте найбільш вивченими на сьогодні є 8: AP2/ERF, MYB, bHLH, NAC, WRKY, bZIP, HSF та HDZip. В огляді розглянуто особливості відповіді рослин, зокрема м’якої пшениці, на абіотичний стрес, спричинений посухою. Окремо розглянуто регуляцію активності транскрипційних факторів під час абіотичного стресу – у межах складної реакції рослин на осмотичний стрес, що утворюється безліччю шляхів, комбінація яких забезпечує часові та просторові моделі експресії генів, які відіграють велику роль в миттєвій адаптації до водного дефіциту м’якої пшениці.
Посилання
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