Genetic structure and differentiation in Gentiana lutea L. populations (Gentianaceae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians

  • М. З. Мосула Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University M. Kryvonosa St. 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
  • В. М. Мельник Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Akad. Zabolotnoho St. 150, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
  • І. І. Конвалюк Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Akad. Zabolotnoho St. 150, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
  • Н. М. Дробик Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical University M. Kryvonosa St. 2, Ternopil, 46027, Ukraine
  • І. О. Андрєєв Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Akad. Zabolotnoho St. 150, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine
  • В. А. Кунах Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Akad. Zabolotnoho St. 150, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine

Abstract

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine genetic structure of G. lutea populations from two mountain ranges (Chornogora, Svydovets) of Ukrainian Carpathians, assess the level of genetic polymorphism and degree of differentiation across the species populations. Methods. For the studies, a method of genetic analysis based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with RAPD-, ISSR-, IRAP-, CDDP- and RGAP primers was used. Proportion of polymorphic amplicons (P), expected heterozygosity (He), Shannon index (S) and Jacquard genetic distance (Dj) were calculated. Results. Value of genetic diversity indices for natural populations ranged as follows: P = 29,1–37,9 %, He = 0,089–0,126, S = 0,137–0,190, the average Dj = 26,9–38,7 %. Agropopulation from mountain Pozhyzhevska had low He (0,085) and S (0,131), that were close to the values of populations from Svydovets, and the lowest among all localities values of P (27,7 %) and average Dj value (22,1 %). According to the Bayesian analysis, all studied genotypes formed five groups, inside which there were found few individuals with residual amounts (0,1-0,5 %) of genetic material inherited from other populations. As shown by the AMOVA analysis, almost two-thirds (65 %) of genetic heterogeneity was due to between-population differences, while the proportion of within-population polymorphism was 35 %. Conclusions. Comparison of G. lutea populations from Chornogora and Svydovets ranges showed that the former have a higher level of genetic heterogeneity. Analysis of molecular variance revealed significant differentiation of G. lutea populations, indicating genetic isolation of populations and limited gene flow.

Keywords: Gentiana lutea L., genetic structure, PCR-markers, intra- and interpopulation polymorphism, differentiation of populations.