Constitution of swine in ontogenesis and phylogenesis

  • A. M. Khokhlov
  • D. I. Baranovskyi
  • T. M. Danilovа

Abstract

Aim. Determination of the peculiarities of the formation of constitutional types in ontogenesis in animals of the modern large white breed of pigs in comparison with the wild european boar (Sus scrofa ferus) is a form of the breeding process, that has both theoretical and practical significance. Methods. The objects of the study are embryos, fetuses, newborns and adult animals of large white breed of pigs and wild boar in different periods of ontogenesis using zootechnical, morphological and mathematical-statistic methods of research. Results. Individual development of animals can be conventionally divided into two main periods: morphogenetic (or embryonic prenatal) and postmorphogenetic (or post-embryonic, postnatal). The morphogenetic period is the most crucial period in the ontogenesis of animals, the period of the highest activity of genes, which provides a fundamental placement and development of the basic functional systems of the body. Therefore, for the consideration of signs of embryonic development becomes one of the criteria of artificial selection of individuals for their natural hereditarily determined type of exteriors, constitutions, and metabolism. It particularly reflects the leading role of embryogenesis in the formation of the body structure and productive qualities of animals. Conclusions. For the species practice of selection, breeding and domestication consisted of changes in quantitative and qualitative relationships in growth and development, which, combined with subsequent targeted selection, contributed to the formation of modern breeds of pigs. The constitutional type analysis of the animals formation in ontogenesis has the most selective significance, which is primarily manifested in the exterior features. Domestication of the Sus scrofa consisted of consequently the exterior is expediently evaluated at different stages of ontogenesis, starting with the embryonic period and, especially, from birth.

Keywords: phylogeny, domestics, ontogenesis, constitution, selection, species, breed.

References

Ovsiannikov A.I. Proiskhozhdenie i evoliuciia domashnikh svinei. Monografiia. Svinovodstvo. M.: Kolos, 1974. P. 72–83. [in Russian]

Smirnov V.S., Gorin V.V., SheIko I.P. Biotekhnologiia svinovodstva. Minsk: Urozhai. 229 s. [in Russian]

Khokhlov A.M., Baranovskii D.I. FilogeneticheskiI analiz genotipov populiaciI svineI evropeIskogo i aziatskogo proisk-hozhdeniia. Problemi zooіnzhenerії ta veterinarnoї medicini: zb.nauk.prac’. Kharkіv, 2015. Vip. 31, Ch. 1. P. 197–207. [in Russian]

Khokhlov A.M. Genetichnii monіtoring domestikacії svinei: navchal’nii posіbnik. Kharkіv: Espada, 2004. 126 p. [in Ukrain-ian]

Khokhlov A.M. Ochagi i sroki odomashnivaniia svinei v Evrope/Pamiati professora A.A. Braunera (1857–1941): sb. vospo-minanii i nauchnykh trudov. Odessa: Agroprint, 1997. S. 146–149. [in Russian]

Khokhlov A.M. Geneticheskaia struktura populiacii i rol’ genov domestikacii v evoliucii svinei. Problemi zooіnzhenerії ta veterinarnoї medicine: zb.nauk.prac’. Khar’kov, 1999. P. 70–74. [in Russian]

Vinnichuk D.T. Poroda zhivotnykh kak biologicheskaia sistema, teoriticheskie polozheniia: monografiia. K., 1993. 70 p. [in Russian]

Kolesnik N.N. Genetika zhivoi massy skota. K.: Urozhai, 1985. 184 p. [in Russian]

N’iut D. Rost i razvitie zhivotnykh. M.: Mir, 1973. 88 p. [in Russian]

Svechin K.B. Prognozirovanie produktivnosti zhivotnykh v rannem vozdaste. Vesn. s.-kh. nauki. 1985. No. 4. P. 103–108. [in Russian]

EIsner F.F. Ispol’zovanie dostrizheniI genetiki v selekcii molochnogo skota. Nauch.-tekh. biul NIIZh Lesostepi i Poles’ia UCCR. Kharkhiv, 1997. No. 20. S. 13–20. [in Russian]

Shmal’gauzen I.I. Organizm kak celoe v individual’nom i istoricheskom razvitii. Izbrannye trudy. M.: Nauka, 1982, 383 p. [in Russian]

Glodek P. Schweinezucht. Grundlagen der Schweinzucht|Verlag Eugenucmer. Stuttgart. 1992. 359 s.

Goosen G.J., Fennesy P.F. Mathios H.C. et al. Gestation Length in Pere David’s x red deer hybrids. Proc. N.Z. Soc. Anim. Prod. 1997. 57. P. 225–227.

Weir B.J., Rowlands I.W. Reproductive strategies of mammals. Annu. Rev. Ecol. and Syst. Calif., Palo Alto, 1973. Vol. 4. P. 139–163.