Evolution of the stochastic and structural type ecosystem

  • A. N. Mikhyeyev
  • A. A. Protasov

Abstract

The article attempts to apply a systematic approach to the consideration of types of existing systems to identify the specific evolution of ecosystems at different levels of organization. The conceptual main consideration of the problem of the specifics of the evolution of biotic systems at different levels of organization was the idea of the alternation of the types of their organization, namely, the statistical (C-system) and deterministic (D-system). For evolutionary transformations of C-systems (for example, populations), the influence of altered environmental factors is of primary importance, and for internal systems, for systems (for example, communities). The idea that the D-systems evolve according to the type of nomogenesis, and the C-system – selectogenesis is substantiated. Within the framework of the proposed isolation of different types of systems, the evolution of the biosphere probably proceeds according to the type of evolution of D-systems. Structural elements of the biosphere are diverse biogeocenoses, each of which represents a C-type system formed by the corresponding communities and elements of the environment.

Keywords: evolution, levels of organization, ecosystems, biosphere.

References

Z͡herykhyn V.V. The main regularities of the philocoenogenetic processes: The author's abstract: Diss. ... doct. biol. science. Moskva, 1997. 80 p.

Krasylov V.A. Unresolved problems of the theory of evolution. Vladyvostok: DVNTS AN SSSR, 1986. 140 p.

Razumovsky S.M Regularity of biocenosis dynamics Moskva: Nauka, 1981. 231 p.

Aleshchenko G.M., Bukvareva E.N. Model of the phenotypic diversity of a population in a random environment. Zurnal obshchey byolohyy. 1991. Vol. 52, No. 4. P. 499–508.

Z͡hyrmunsky A.V., Kuzmin V.I. Critical levels in the development of natural systems. Leningrad: Nauka, 1990. 223 p.

Sadovsky V.N. Foundations of the general theory of systems. Moskva: Nauka, 1974. 290 p.

The biosphere and the noosphere. M.: Nauka, 1989. 261 p.

Leontyuk A.S, Leontyuk L.A, Sykalo A.I Information analysis in morphological studies. Minsk: Nauka y tekhnyka, 1981. 160 p.

Lyapunov A.A. Problems of theoretical and applied cybernetics. Moskva: Nauka, 1980. 335 p.

Mykhyeyev A.N. Hyperadaptation. Stimulated ontogenetic adaptation of plants. Kyiv: Phytosociocenter, 2015. 423 p.

Protasov A.A. Freshwater periphyton. Kyiv: Nauk. dumka, 1994. 307 p.

Protasov A.A. Life in the hydrosphere. Essays on general hydrobiology. Kyiv: Akademperyodyka, 2011. 704 p.

Malynovsky A.A. General features of biological levels and the alternation of types of organization. In the book. Development of the concept of structural levels in biology. Moskva: Nauka, 1972. P. 271–277.

Ly Ch. Introduction to Population Genetics. Moskva: Mir, 1978. 562 p.

Kolchynsky E. I. Evolution of the biosphere. The evolutionary theory in the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka, 1983. P. 479–512.

Urmantsev Y.A. Symmetry of nature and the nature of symmetry. Moskva: Misl, 1974. 229 p.

Severtsov A.S. Microevolution and phylocenogenesis. In the book. Evolutionary biology. Tomsk: Izd-vo TGU 2001. P. 89–105.