Renaissance of industrial hemp as a result of successful breeding

  • V. H. Vyrovets Institute of Bast Crops of Nat. Acad. Agr. Sci. of Ukraine, Ukraine, 41400, Sumy reg., Hlukhiv, Tereshchenkiv str., 45
  • I. M. Laiko Institute of Bast Crops of Nat. Acad. Agr. Sci. of Ukraine, Ukraine, 41400, Sumy reg., Hlukhiv, Tereshchenkiv str., 45
  • H. I. Kyrychenko Institute of Bast Crops of Nat. Acad. Agr. Sci. of Ukraine, Ukraine, 41400, Sumy reg., Hlukhiv, Tereshchenkiv str., 45
  • S. V. Mishchenko Institute of Bast Crops of Nat. Acad. Agr. Sci. of Ukraine, Ukraine, 41400, Sumy reg., Hlukhiv, Tereshchenkiv str., 45
  • I. L. Kmets Institute of Bast Crops of Nat. Acad. Agr. Sci. of Ukraine, Ukraine, 41400, Sumy reg., Hlukhiv, Tereshchenkiv str., 45

Abstract

Aim. With the organization of Research Station first, then Institute of Hemp it was predicted to increase productivity and improve service of hemp-growing branch. Methods. Through traditional breeding different ecotypes of hemp were formed with which was started scientific breeding by methods of selection and hybridization. Results. For 40 years of selection the fiber content in stems of dioecious hemp was increased from 13.9 to 33.5 %. By the method of acclimati-zation the variety US-1, and hybridization – US-6 were created, which united a high yield of stems with high fiber content. Breeders also realized the dream of farmers about creation of monoecious hemp, which opened the way to the mechanization of harvesting. Addicts are "awakened" in nature lulling hemp ability to narcotic excitement; the breeders have forced a non-narcotic hemp, while maintaining their economic characteristics and resistance to damage by pests and diseases. Conclusions. Modern hemp varieties are able to form a crop straw, fiber and seeds within 6.0–11.5; 1.7–2.5 and 0.6–1.2 t/ha, respectively, for the minimum content or complete absence of the main component of cannabinoids – THC.

Keywords: local and breeding varieties, monoecious and dioecious hemp, crop capacity, non-narcotic sign.

References

Chamov Iu.S. Proizvodstvo lubianykh kultur. Vozdelyvanie i pervichnaia obrabotka konopli i kenafa. 1969. P. 3–12. [in Russian]

Timonin M.A. Narodnokhoziaystvennoe znachenie konopli i razvitie konoplevodstva v SSSR. Konoplia / pod. red. G.I. Senchenko, A.I. Arinshteyn i M.A. Timonina. Moskva: Sel'khozizdat, 1983. 463 p. [in Russian]

Virovets V.G., Layko I.M., Soldatenko V.A. Konoplia – kul'tura KhKhI stoletiia. Agrarnaia nauka. 1999. No. 11. P. 5–7. [in Russian]

Malusha K.V. Sorta konopli, ikh otsenka i khoziaystvennoe ispol'zovanie. Biologiia konopli. Trudy VNIIK. 1935. No. 8. P. 243–257. [in Russian]

Likhvar D.F. Voprosy akklimatizatsii sel'skokhoziaystvennykh rasteniy. Kyiv: Urozhay. 1969. 250 p. [in Russian]

Grishko N.N. Otbor po priamym i kosvennym priznakam u konopli. Genetika i selektsiia konopli. Tr. Instituta. 1937. No. 5. P. 192–208. [in Russian]

Grishko N.N., Levchenko V.I., Seletskiy V.I. Voprosy pola u konopli, vyvedenie odnodomnykh form i sortov s odnovremennym vyzrevaniem oboikh polov. Genetika i selektsiia konopli. Tr. Instituta. 1937. No. 5. P. 73–108. [in Russian]

Vvedenskiy D.I. K metodike i blizhayshim zadacham selektsii konopli na volokno. Trudy po Prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii. 1929. Pril. 35. P. 355–408. [in Russian]

Senchenko G.I. Vliianie otbora na povyshenie soderzhaniia volokna v stebliakh konopli : avtoref. dis. na soisk. uch. stepeni kand. s.-kh. nauk. Glukhov, 1951. 16 p. [in Russian]

Senchenko G.I. Gibridizatsiia geograficheski otdalennykh form konopli. Konoplia i drugie lubianye kul'tury. Tr. VNIILK. 1959. P. 120–134. [in Russian]

Vyrovets V.G., Layko I.M., Kyrychenko H.I., Shcherban I.I., Onupriienko L.H., Mishchenko S.V. Suchasna kolektsiia konopel (Cannabis sativa L.) iak nevycherpne dzherelo vykhidnoho materialu dlia selektsii. Zb. nauk. pr. Instytutu lub’ianykh kul'tur UAAN. 2007. No. 4. P. 11–27. [in Ukrainian]

Arinshteyn A.I., Gurzhiy E.S. Itogi selektsii odnodomnoy konopli. Tr. VNIILK k 25-letiiu instituta. 1959. No. 24. P. 183–201. [in Russian]

Vyrovets V.G., Senchenko H.I., Sytnyk V.P. Perspektyvy selektsii lub’ianykh kul'tur. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky. 2000. No. 2. P. 66–67. [in Ukrainian]

Vyrovets V.G., Layko I.M., Shcherban I.I., Kyrychenko H.I., Horshkova L.M. Peredumovy selektsii nenarkotychnykh konopel. Visnyk Ukr. tovarystva henetykiv i selektsioneriv. 2010. V. 8(2). P. 279–290. [in Ukrainian]

Malyshev V. Poshyrennia narkomanii – zahroza natsional'niy bezpetsi Ukrainy : deiaki shliakhy rozviazannia problem. Holos Ukrainy. 25 travnia 2011. No 93 (5093). P. 4–5. [in Ukrainian]

Virovets V.G., Gorshkova L.M., Sitnik V.P., Shcherban I.I. Novye sorta odnodomnoy konopli. Len i konoplia. 1980. No. 6. P. 28–29. [in Russian]

Virovets V.G., Gorshkova L.M., Shcherban I.I. Osobennosti sozdaniia sortov konopli (Sannabis sativa L.), ne obladaiushchikh narkoticheskoy aktivnost'iu. Sb. nauchn. tr. po prikl. botanike, genetike i selektsii. 1992. No. 144. P. 80–86. [in Russian]

Layko I.M. Teoretychni i praktychni osnovy selektsii zakriplennia odnodomnosti, eliminatsii kanabinoidiv ta pidvyshchennia produktyvnosti konopel' : avtoref. dys. na zdobuttia nauk. stupenia dokt. s.-h. nauk: spets. 06.01.05 «Selektsiia ta nasinnytstvo». Kharkiv, 2012. 52 p. [in Ukrainian]

Vyrovets V.G., Layko I.M., Kabanets V.M. Dosiahnennia i perspektyvy selektsii na pidvyshchennia nasinnievoi produktyvnosti. Lub’iani ta tekhnichni kul'tury. 2012. P. 13–27. [in Ukrainian]